Home Page for S100A9

S100A9/MRP-14

Primary information about S100A9/MRP-14:
Basic chemical and physical information	Basic biological information	Basic genomic information	Metal ion binding constants	Interspecies sequence alignment	Information on function
Summary of structural studies	Information on the conformational change	List of available structures	Information about mutations	References about S100A9	Other web resources about S100A9
Additional information about S100A9/MRP-14:
Information about the evolutionary relationship of S100A9/MRP-14 to other proteins

Basic Information

Basic Chemical and Physical Information:
Additional names and abbreviations:	S100A9: cystic fibrosis antigen (in complex with S100A8); p23 (in complex with S100A8); calprotectin (in complex with S100A8); calgranulin B; L1 heavy chain; p14; BEE22
Isoforms:	full length isoform shortened isoform (this isoform lacks the first four amino acids found in the full length isoform)
Yeast Protein Database Entries:	No links to the YPD are stored in the database

Number of amino acids:	full length isoform: 38 (Oryctolagus cuniculus) - 122 (Bos taurus) View a list of all sources stored in the database
Molecular weight:	full length isoform: 4.528 kD (Oryctolagus cuniculus) - 13.673 kD (Bos taurus) View a list of all sources stored in the database
pI:	full length isoform: experimental pI (Homo sapiens) = 5.6 (InfoCard) full length isoform: experimental pI (Homo sapiens) = 5.4 (modification: phosphorylated on Thr113 (InfoCard) shortened isoform: experimental pI (Homo sapiens) = 5.4 (InfoCard) shortened isoform: experimental pI (Homo sapiens) = 5.3 (modification: phosphorylated on Thr113 (InfoCard)
Number of functional calcium binding sites:	not yet available in the data library
Macroscopic calcium binding constants:	not yet available in the data library
Other metal binding constants:	not yet available in the data library
Protein stability:	not yet available in the data library
Post-translational modifications:	full length isoform, Homo sapiens: phosphorylation on Thr113 ( effect: increases calcium affinity and favors localization to membranes) (InfoCard)

Basic Biological Information:
Source organisms:	full length isoform: Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Rattus norvegicus View an annotated list of all sources stored in the database
Tissues:	full length isoform, Homo sapiens: monocytes (InfoCard) full length isoform, Homo sapiens: neutrophils (InfoCard) full length isoform, Homo sapiens: keratinocytes (InfoCard)
Subcellular localization:	not yet available in the data library
Regulation:	not yet available in the data library

Genomic Information:
GenBank entries:	View a list of GenBank entries stored in the database
Gene length:	not yet available in the data library
Gene structure:	not yet available in the data library
Promoter:	not yet available in the data library
Gene copies:	not yet available in the data library
Alleles:	no alleles are currently stored in the data library
Chromosomal localization:	full length isoform, Homo sapiens, expressed (GenBank code X06233): q21 region of chromosome 1 (part of the cluster of S100 protein genes) (InfoCard)

Interspecies Sequence Alignment


 
                        |-helixA-|--loop1------|helixB| 
                         En**nn**nX**Y*Z**#Ix**zn**nn*n 

HUMAN   :   MTCKMSQLERNIETIINTFHQYSVKLGHPDTLNQGEFKELVRKDLQNFLKKENKNEK
BOVINE  :       MSQMESSIETIINIFHQYSVRLGHYDTLIQKEFKQLVQKELPNFLKKQKKNEA
MOUSE   :   ANKAPSQMERSITTIIDTFHQYSRKEGHPDTLSKKEFRQMVEAQLATFMKKEKRNEA
RAT     :  MAAKTGSQLERSISTIINVFHQYSRKYGHPDTLNKAEFKEMVNKDLPNFLKREKRNEN

         |-helixC-|--loop2-----|helixD|
          En**nn**nX*Y*ZG#Ix**zn**nn*n
 

HUMAN   : VIEHIMEDLDTNADKQLSFEEFIMLMARLTWASHEKMHEGDEGPGHHHKPGLGEGTP 114
BOVINE  : AINEIMEDLDTNVDKQLSFEEFIMLVARLTVASHEEMHNTAPPGQGHRHGPGYGKGGSGSCSGQGSPDQ 122
MOUSE   : LINDIMEDLDTNQDNQLSFEECMMLMAKLIFACHEKLHENNPRGHGHSHGKGCGK 112
RAT     : LLRDIMEDLDTNQDNQLSFEECMMLMGKLIFACHEKLHENNPRGHDHRHGKGCGK 113
RABBIT  :   NDIMEDLDTNQDKQLSFEEFVILMARLVHASHEEMHK 38

note that the bovine form may be MRP-14' (missing the first four amino acids), and the rabbit form may be a fragment

Sequence alignment of the entire S100 subfamily

Functional Information:

General information:

full length isoform, in Homo sapiensCalcium binding causes S100A9 to translocate to the membrane and cytoskeleton. This is increased by phosphorylation (InfoCard)

Biological roles:

full length isoform: inflammation signal transduction pathway: interacts with arachidonic acid
biochemical evidence in Homo sapiens: The complex of S100A8 and S100A9 binds to arachidonic acid, the metabolites of which are involved in inflammation (InfoCard)

Disease states:

full length isoform: cystic fibrosis
in vivo evidence : The complex of S100A8 and S100A9 is the cystic fibrosis antigen, which is present in the serum of cystic fibrosis homozygotes, and in lower levels in the serum of clinically unaffect heterozygotes (InfoCard)
full length isoform: rheumatoid arthritis
in vivo evidence : The complex of S100A8 and S100A9 is found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (InfoCard)

Target molecules:

full length isoform: S100A8
biochemical evidence for interaction in Homo sapiens: S100A8 and S100A9 were shown to form specific heterodimers by chemical cross-linking (InfoCard)
spectroscopic evidence for interaction in Homo sapiens: Changes were observed in the circular dichroism, fluorescence emission, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra when S100A9 was mixed with S100A8 (InfoCard)
full length isoform: arachidonic acid
biochemical evidence for interaction in Mus musculus: The heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9 was shown to bind arachidonic acid in a calcium-dependent manner by using radioactively labelled arachidonic acid (InfoCard)

Structural Information:

Calcium-coordination:

not yet available in the data library

Nature of the conformational changes:

not yet available in the data library

Secondary structure:
(as reported in the PDB file and its accompanying reference)

not yet available in the data library

Additional structural information:

no additional structural information is currently stored in the database

Available structures:
(follow the links from the PDB code to the retrieve the PDB files)

no structures are currently stored in the database

Information about mutants:

no mutants are currently stored in the database

Calcium-coordination:
not yet available in the data library

Nature of the conformational changes:
not yet available in the data library

Secondary structure: (as reported in the PDB file and its accompanying reference)
not yet available in the data library

Additional structural information:
no additional structural information is currently stored in the database

Available structures: (follow the links from the PDB code to the retrieve the PDB files)
no structures are currently stored in the database