Home Page for S100A4

S100A4/Placental Calcium Binding Protein

Primary information about S100A4/placental calcium-binding protein:
Basic chemical and physical information	Basic biological information	Basic genomic information	Metal ion binding constants	Interspecies sequence alignment	Information on function
Summary of structural studies	Information on the conformational change	List of available structures	Information about mutations	References about S100A4	Other web resources about S100A4
Additional information about S100A4/placental calcium-binding protein:
Information about the evolutionary relationship of S100A4/placental calcium-binding protein to other proteins

Basic Information

Basic Chemical and Physical Information:
Additional names and abbreviations:	S100A4: CAPL; calvasculin; metastatic cell protein 1 (mts1); p9Ka; pEL98
Isoforms:	No information about isoforms is stored in the database
Yeast Protein Database Entries:	No links to the YPD are stored in the database

Number of amino acids:	100 (Bos taurus) - 101 (Mus musculus, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus) View a list of all sources stored in the database
Molecular weight:	11.675 kD (Bos taurus) - 11.776 kD (Rattus norvegicus) View a list of all sources stored in the database
pI:	experimental pI (Homo sapiens) = 6.15 (modification: recombinant protein (InfoCard) calculated pI (Homo sapiens) = 5.97 (InfoCard)
Number of functional calcium binding sites:	Homo sapiens: 2 (InfoCard)
Macroscopic calcium binding constants:	not yet available in the data library
Other metal binding constants:	not yet available in the data library
Protein stability:	not yet available in the data library
Post-translational modifications:	not yet available in the data library

Basic Biological Information:
Source organisms:	Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus View an annotated list of all sources stored in the database
Tissues:	Bos taurus: retina (InfoCard) Homo sapiens: macrophages (InfoCard) Homo sapiens: monocytes (InfoCard) Homo sapiens: polymorphonuclear leukocytes (InfoCard) Rattus norvegicus: gut (InfoCard) Rattus norvegicus: kidney (InfoCard) Rattus norvegicus: liver (InfoCard) Rattus norvegicus: smooth muscle (InfoCard) Rattus norvegicus: skin (InfoCard) Rattus norvegicus: immune system (InfoCard) Rattus norvegicus: peripheral nervous system (InfoCard)
Subcellular localization:	not yet available in the data library
Regulation:	not yet available in the data library

Genomic Information:
GenBank entries:	View a list of GenBank entries stored in the database
Gene length:	not yet available in the data library
Gene structure:	not yet available in the data library
Promoter:	not yet available in the data library
Gene copies:	not yet available in the data library
Alleles:	no alleles are currently stored in the data library
Chromosomal localization:	Homo sapiens, expressed (GenBank code Z18950): q21 region of chromosome 1 (part of the cluster of S100 protein genes) (InfoCard) Homo sapiens, expressed (GenBank code Z18950): q21 region of chromosome 1 (part of the cluster of S100 protein genes) (InfoCard) Homo sapiens, expressed (GenBank code Z18950): q21 region of chromosome 1 (part of the cluster of S100 protein genes) (InfoCard) Mus musculus, expressed (GenBank code M35147): chromosome 3 (InfoCard)

Interspecies Sequence Alignment



                   |-helixA-|--loop1------|helixB|
                    En**nn**nX**Y*Z**#Ix**zn**nn*n

HUMAN   : MACPLEKALDVMVSTFHKYSGKEGDKFKLNKSELKELLTRELPSFLGKRTDEA
MOUSE   : MARPLEEALDVIVSTFHKYSGKEGDKFKLNKTELKELLTRELPSFLGKRTDEA
RAT     : MARPLEEALDVIVSTFHKYSGNEGDKFKLNKTELKELLTRELPSFLGRRTDEA
BOVINE  :  AYPLEKALDVMVSTFHKYSGKEGDKFKLNKSELKELLTRELPSFLGKRTDET


         |-helixC-|--loop2----|helixD|
          En**nn**nX*Y*ZG#Ix**zn**nn*n

HUMAN   : AFQKLMSNLDSNRDNEVDFQEYCVFLSCIAMMCNEFFEGFPDKQPRKK
MOUSE   : AFQKVMSNLDSNRDNEVDFQEYCVFLSCIAMMCNEFFEGCPDKEPRKk
RAT     : AFQKLMNNLDSNRDNEVDFQEYCVFLSCIAMMCNEFFEGCPDKEPRKK
BOVINE  : AFQKLMSNLDCNKDNEVDFQEYCVFLSCIAMMCNEFFEGFPDKQPRKK

Sequence alignment for the entire S100 subfamily

Functional Information:

General information:

no general functional information is currently stored in the database

Biological roles:

mobility and invasion of metastatic cells
genetic evidence in Mus musculus: Expression of the S100A4 gene was found to be increased in transformed cells (InfoCard)
genetic evidence in Mus musculus: Transfecting cells showing low cell motility witht he gene for S100A4 significantly increases cell motility (InfoCard)
tubulin polymerization
genetic evidence in Homo sapiens: Modulating expression of the S100A4 gnee affects the extent of tubulin polymerization (InfoCard)

Disease states:

metastasis
genetic evidence : There is a quantitative correlation between the metastatic potential of a series of closely-related mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines and the level of express of S199A4 mRNA (InfoCard)
in vivo evidence : S100A4 can induce the metastatic phenotype in non-metastatic rat mammary tumor cells (InfoCard)

Target molecules:

not yet available in the data library

Structural Information:

Calcium-coordination:
not yet available in the data library

Nature of the conformational changes:
not yet available in the data library

Secondary structure: (as reported in the PDB file and its accompanying reference)
not yet available in the data library

Additional structural information:
no additional structural information is currently stored in the database

Available structures: (follow the links from the PDB code to the retrieve the PDB files)
no structures are currently stored in the database

Information about mutants:

no mutants are currently stored in the database