Calcium coordination in calmodulin. The first EF-hand in calmodulin is used to illustrate the pentagonal bibyramidal ligation of the calcium ion. Oxygen atoms ligating calcium are colored black. The water ligand is shown as a star. The five ligands that form the base of the pentagonal bipyramid are connected with black lines. The identities of the protein ligands in all four calcium binding loops are indicated below and labeled on the molecular structure with the traditional ligand nomenclature. X,Y,Z and -Z ligate calcium with sidechain carboxylates, -X is water mediated, and # indicates backbone carbonyl ligation. The molecular structure was rendered in Insight (MSI, San Diego) using PDB coordinates 1CLL.
A page with a table of the distribution of differnet amino acids in EF_hand calcium-binding loops is available.
This figure appeared as figure 1 in the book chapter:
Nelson, M.R., Chazin W.J., "Calmodulin as a calcium sensor" in
Calmodulin and Signal Transduction (1998) L.J. Van Eldik and
D.M. Watterson, eds. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 17-64.
Details about file locations and color scheme. Internal access only
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