References about Calmodulin

References about Calmodulin

Please note: this is not intended to be a complete listing of references.

See the home page for Calmodulin for more information.

Adelstein, R. Calmodulin and the regulation of the actin-myosin interaction in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells (1982) Cell 30, 349-350.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Afshar, M., Caves, L.SD., Guimard, L., Hubbard, R.E, Calas, B., Grassy, G., Haiech, J. Investigating the high affinity and low sequence specificity of calmodulin binding to its targets (1994) J Mol Biol 244, 554-571.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Agell, N., Aligue, R., Alemany, V., Castro, A., Jaime, M., Pujol, M.J, Rius, E., Serratosa, J., Taules, M., Bachs, O. New nuclear functions for calmodulin (1998) Cell Calcium 23, 115-121.
Summary: A brief review of propsed functions fo calmodulin in the nucleus, including regulation of cyclin dependent protein kinases and transcription by RNA polymerase III.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Alexander, K.A, Cimler, B.M, Meier, K.E, Storm, D.R Regulation of calmodulin binding to P-57 (1987) J Biol Chem 262, 6108-6113.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Alexander, K.A, Wakim, B.T, Doyle, G.S, Walsh, K.A, Storm, D.R Identification and characterization of the calmodulin-binding domain of neuromodulin, a neurospecific calmodulin-binding protein (1988) J Biol Chem 263, 7544-7549.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Andreasen, T.J, Keller, C.H, LaPorte, D.C, Edelman, A.M, Storm, D.R Preparation of azidocalmodulin: a photoaffinity label for calmodulin-binding proteins (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78, 2782-2785.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Babu, Y.S, Bugg, C.E, Cook, W.J Structure of calmodulin refined at 2.2 angstrom resolution (1988) J Mol Biol 204, 191-204.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Babu, Y.S, Sack, J.S, Greenhough, T.J, Bugg, C.E, Means, A.R, Cook, W.J Three-dimensional structure of calmodulin (1985) Nature 315, 37-40.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Bachs, O., Agell, N., Carafoli, E. Calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins in the nucleus (1994) Cell Calcium 16, 289-296.
Summary: good review of biological function of calmodulin in the nucleus.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Ban, C., Ramakrishnan, B., Ling, K.Y, Kung, C., Quiocho, F.A Structure of recombinant Paramecium tetraurella calmodulin at 1.68 angstrom resolution (1994) Acta Crystall D 50, 50-63.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Barbato, G., Ikura, M., Kay, L.E, Pastor, R.W, Bax, A. Backbone dynamics of calmodulin studied by (15)N relaxation using inverse deteced two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy: the central helix is flexible (1992) Biochemistry 31, 5269-5278.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Baudier, J., Bergeret, E., Bertacchi, N., Weintraub, H., Gagnon, J., Garin, J. Interactions of myogenic bHLH transcription factors with calcium-binding calmodulin and S100a (alpha alpha) proteins (1995) Biochemistry 34, 7834-7846.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Bayley, P.M, Findlay, W.A, Martin, S.R Target recognition by calmodulin: Dissecting the kinetics and affinity of interaction using short peptide sequences (1996) Protein Sci 5, 1215-1228.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Beckingham, K. Use of site-directed mutations in the individual Ca2+-binding sites of calmodulin to examine Ca2+-induced conformational changes (1991) J Biol Chem 266, 6027-6030.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Bentrop, D., Bertini, I., Cremonimi, M.A, Forsen, S., Luchinat, C., Malmendal, A. Solution structure of the paramagnetic complex of the N-terminal domain of calmodulin with two Ce3+ ions by (1)H NMR (1997) Biochemistry 36, 11605-11618.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Biekofsky, R.R, Martin, S.R, Browne, J.P, Bayley, P.M, Feeney, J. Ca2+ coordination to backbone carbonyl oxygen atoms in calmodulin and other EF-hand proteins: 15N chemical shifts as probes for monitoring individual-site ca2+ coordination (1998) Biochemistry 37, 7617-7629.
Summary: Investigates the use of the backbone (15)N chemical shift of the residue in position 8 (canonical loops) or 10 (pseudo loops) as a probe for metal ion occupancy.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Blumenthal, D.K, Krebs, E.G Preparation and properties of the calmodulin-binding domain of skeletal muscle myosin light chain knase (1987) Methods Enzymol 139, 115-126.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Blumenthal, D.K, Takio, K. ., Edelman, A.M, Charbonneau, H. ., Titani, K. ., Walsh, K.A, Krebs, E.G Identification of the calmodulin-binding domain of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase (1985) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82, 3187-3191.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Bostrom, S.-L., Ljung, B., Mardh, S., Forsen, S., Thulin, E. Interaction of the antihypertensive drug felodipine with calmodulin (1981) Nature 292, 777-778.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Brandt, P.W, George, S.E, Scachat, F. Calmodulin is intrinsically less effective that troponin C in activating skeletal muscle contraction (1994) FEBS Lett 353, 99-102.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Brzeska, H., Venyaminov, S., Grabarek, Z., Drabikowski, W. Comparative studies on thermostability of calmodulin, skeletal muscle troponin C and their tryptic fragments (1983) FEBS Lett 153, 169-173.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Chapman, E.R, Alexander, K., Vorherr, T., Carofoli, E., Storm, D.R Fluorescence energy transfer analysis of calmodulin-peptide complexes (1992) Biochemistry 31, 12819-12825.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Charbonneau, H., Kuamr, S., Novack, J.P, Blumenthal, D.K, Griffin, P.R, Shabanowitz, J., Hunt, D.F, Beavo, J.A, Walsh, K.A Evidence for domain organization within the 61-kDa calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine brain (1991) Biochemistry 30, 7931-7940.
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Chattopadhyaya, R., Meador, W., Means, A., Quiocho, F. Calmodulin structure refined at 1.7 angstrom resolution (1992) J Mol Biol 228, 1177-1192.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Cheney, R.E, Mooseker, M.S Unconventional myosins (1992) Curr Opin Cell Biol 4, 27-35.
Summary: Among other things, this review describes the myosins that use calmodulin for their light chains..
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Chin, D., Means, A.R Methionine to glutamine substitutions in the C-terminal domain of calmodulin impair the activation of three protein kinases (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 30465-30471.
Summary: Describes several single met to gln mutations in CaM and the effect of these mutations on CaMšs ability to activate CaMKIIa, smMLCK, and CaMKIV. All mutants were impaired in their ability to activate at least one of these targets..
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Colbran, R.J, Schworer, C.M, Hashimoto, Y., Fong, Y.-L., Rich, D.P, Smith, M.K, Soderling, T.R Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (1989) Biochem J 258, 313-325.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Colbran, R.J, Soderling, T.R Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (1990) Curr Topics Cell Reg 31, 181-221.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Collins, J.H, Borysenko, C.W The 110,000-dalton actin- and calmodulin-binding protein from intestinal brush border is a myosin-like ATPase (1984) J Biol Chem 259, 14128-14135.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Collins, K., Sellers, J.R, Matsudaira, P. Calmodulin dissociation regulates brush border myosin I (110 kD-calmodulin) mechanochemical activity in vitro (1990) J Cell Biol 110, 1137-1147.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Cook, W.J, Walter, L.J, Walter, M.R Drug binding by calmodulin: crystal structure of a calmodulin-trifluoperazine complex (1994) Biochemistry 33, 15259-15256.
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Cormier, M.J, Charbonneau, H., Jarrett, H.W Plant and fungal calmodulin: Ca2+-dependent regulation of plant NAD kinase (1981) Cell Calcium 2, 313-331.
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Craig, T.A, Watterson, D.M, Prendergast, F.G, Haiech, J., Roberts, D.M Site-specific mutagenesis of the a-helices of calmodulin (1987) J Biol Chem 262, 3278-3284.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Craven, C.J, Whitehead, B., Jones, S.KA., Thulin, E., Blackburn, G.M, Waltho, J.P Complexes formed between calmodulin and the antagonists J-8 and TFP in solution (1996) Biochemistry 35, 10287-10299.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Crivici, A., Ikura, M. Molecular and structural basis of target recognition by calmodulin (1995) Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 24, 85-116.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Dalgarno, D.C, Klevit, R.E, Levine, B.A, Scott, G.MM., Williams, R.JP., Gergely, J., Grabarek, Z., Leavis, P.C, Grand, R.JA., Drabikowski, W. The nature of the trifluoperazine binding sites on calmodulin and troponin C (1984) Biochim Biophys Acta 791, 164-172.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Dasgupta, M., Honeycutt, T., Blumenthal, D.K The gamma-subunit of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase contains two noncontiguous domains that act in concert to bind calmodulin (1989) J Biol Chem 264, 17156-17163.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Ehrhardt, M.R, Urbauer, J.L, Wand, A.J The energetics and dynamics of molecular recognition by calmodulin (1995) Biochemistry 34, 2731-2738.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Espreafico, E.M, Cheney, R.E, Matteoli, M., Nascimento, A.AC., DeCamilli, P.V, Larson, R.E, Mooseker, M.S Primary structure and cellular localization of chicken brain myosin-V (p190), an unconventional myosin with calmodulin light chains (1992) J Cell Biol 119, 1541-1557.
Summary: Reference about calmodulin binding to unconventional mmyosins via an IQ-motif.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Evenas, J., Thulin, E., Malmendal, A., Forsen, S., Carlstrom, G. NMR studies of the E140Q mutant of the carboxy-terminal domain of calmodulin reveal global conformational exchange in the Ca2+-saturated state (1997) Biochemistry 36, 3448-3457.
Summary: This is the most careful study to date on the effects of mutating the bidentate Glu Ca2+ ligand in a sensor EF-hand protein. The authors conclude that this mutation causes the Ca2+-loaded state to be 60% in the open conformation and 40% in the closed conformation.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Farnsworth, C.L, Freshney, N.W, Rosen, L.B, Ghosh, A., Greenberg, M.E, Feig, L.A Calcium activation of Ras mediated by neuronal exchange factor Ras-GRF (1995) Nature 376, 524-527.
Summary: Ras-GRF, a form of Ras thought to be neuron-specifc, is activated by Ca2+ influx. this seems to be mediated by ca2+-dependent binding of CaM to Ras-GRF. The binding of CaM requires an intact IQ motif. However, this IQ motif in Ras-GRF is not exactly like the consensus sequence..
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Findlay, W.A, Martin, S.M, Beckingham, K., Bayley, P.M Recovery of native structure by calcium binding site mutants of calmodulin upon binding of sk-MLCK target peptides (1995) Biochemistry 34, 2087-2094.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Finn, B.E, Evenas, J., Crakenberg, T., Waltho, J.P, Thulin, E., Forsen, S. Calcium-induced structural changes and domain autonomy in calmodulin (1995) Nat Struct Biol 2, 777-783.
View information in the CaBP database derived from this reference

Finn, B.E, Forsen, S. The evolving model of calmodulin structure, function and activation (1995) Structure 3, 7-11.
Summary: a minireview.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Fischer, R., Koller, M., Flura, M., Mathews, S., Strehler-Page, M.-A., Krebs, J., Penniston, J.T, Carafoli, E., Strehler, E.E Multiple divergent mRNAs code for a single human calmodulin (1988) J Biol Chem 263, 17055-17062.
Summary: Reports the identification and characterization of the third gene for calmodulin in humans. This gene codes for an identical protein as the other two genes, but has an unusually divergent nucleotide sequence and quite different codon usage.
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Fisher, P.J, Prendergast, F.G, Ehrhardt, M.R, Urbauer, J.L, Wand, A.J, Sedarous, S.S, McCormick, D.J, Buckley, P.J Calmodulin interacts with amphiphillic peptides composed of all D-amino acids (1994) Nature 368, 651-653.
Summary: An interesting study in which calmodulin is found to bind to D-peptides, although with a higher off-rate than to L-peptides.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Gangola, P., Pant, H.C Temperature dependent conformational changes in calmodulin (1983) Biochem Biophys Res Comm 111, 301-305.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Gao, Z.H, Krebs, J., VanBerkum, M.FA., Tang, W.-J., Maune, J.F, Means, A.R, Stull, J.T, Beckingham, K. Activation of four enzymes by two series of calmodulin mutants with point mutations in individual Ca(2+) binding sites (1993) J Biol Chem 268, 20096-20104.
Summary: A study of the ability of CaM mutants in which one of the bidentate Glu ligands has been replaced with Gln or Lys to activate smMLCK, skMLCK, adenyl cyclase, and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

George, S., Su, Z., Fan, D., Wang, S., Johnson, J.D The fourth EF-hand of calmodulin and its helix-loop-helix components: impact on calcium binding and enzyme activation (1996) Biochemistry 35, 8307-8313.
Summary: A study of calcium binding and enzyme activation properties of of several CaM/TnC chimeras and CaM mutants. All changes are in the C terminal domain of CaM. Changes in calcium affinity and off rate, cooperativity, and enzyme activation were observed for all mutants..
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George, S.E, Su, Z., Fan, D., Means, A.R Calmodulin-cardiac troponin C chimeras (1993) J Biol Chem 268, 25213-25220.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

George, S.E, VanBerkum, M.FA., Ono, T., Cook, R., Hanley, R.M, Putkey, J.A, Means, A.R Chimeric calmodulin-cardiac troponin C proteins differentially activate calmodulin target enzymes (1990) J Biol Chem 265, 9228-9235.
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Giedroc, D.P, Puett, D., Ling, N., Staros, J.V Demonstration by covalent cross-linking of a specific interaction between b-endorphin and calmodulin (1983) J Biol Chem 258, 16-19.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Gietzen, K., Wuthrich, A., Bader, H. R 24571: a new powerful inhibitor of red blood cell Ca(2+)-transport ATPase and of calmodulin-related functions (1981) Biochem Biophys Res Comm 101, 418-425.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Gilli, R., Lafitte, D., Lopez, C., Kilhoffer, M.-C., Makarov, A., Briand, C., Haiech, J. Thermodynamic analysis of calcium and magnesium binding to calmodulin (1998) Biochemistry 37, 5450-5456.
Summary: Presents an analysis of the thermodynamics of Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding to CaM, and interprets the data under the preferenctial pathway (sequential) model of Ca2+ binding to CaM.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Glazewski, S. ., Chen, C.-C., Silva, A. ., Fox, K. . Requirement for a-CaMKII in experience-dependent plasticity of the barrel cortex (1996) Science 268, 421-423.
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Gopalakrishna, R., Anderson, W.B Ca(2+)-induced hydrophobic site on calmodulin: application for purification by phenyl-sepharose chromatography (1982) Biochem Biophys Res Comm 104, 830-836.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Gopalakrishna, R., Anderson, W.B The effects of chemical modification of calmodulin on Ca(2+)-induced exposure of hydrophobic region. Separation of active and inactive forms of calmodulin (1985) Biochim Biophys Acta 844, 265-269.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Gopalkrishna, R., Anderson, W.B The effects of chemical modification of calmodulin on Ca(2+)-induced exposure of a hydrophobic region. Separation of active and inactive forms of calmodulin (1985) Biochim Biophys Acta 844, 265-269.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Guerini, D., Krebs, J., Carafoli, E. Stimulation of the erythrocyte Ca(2+)-ATPase and of bovine brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by chemically modified calmodulin (1987) Eur J Biochem 170, 35-42.
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Haiech, J., Kilhoffer, M.-C., Lukas, T.J, Craig, T.A, Roberts, D.M, Watterson, D.M Restoration of calcium binding activity of mutant clmodulins toward normal by presence of a calmodulin binding strucutre (1991) J Biol Chem 266, 3427-3431.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Hanson, P.I, Schulman, H. Neuronal Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (1992) Annu Rev Biochemistry 61, 559-601.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Harris, E., Watterson, D.M, Thorner, J. Functional consequences in yeast of single-residue alterations in a consensus calmodulin (1994) J Cell Sci 107, 3235-3249.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Harris, E., Yaswen, P., Thorner, J. Gain-of-function mutations in a human calmodulin-like protein identify residues critical for calmodulin action in yeast (1995) Mol Gen Genet 247, 137-147.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Haverstick, D.M, Densmore, J.J, Gray, L.S Calmodulin regulation of Ca2+ entry in Jurkat T cells (1998) Cell Calcium 23, 361-367.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Heidorn, D.B, Trewhalla, J. Comparison of the crystal and solution structures of calmodulin and troponin C (1988) Biochemistry 27, 909-915.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Hennessey, J.PN., Jr., Manavalan, P., Johnson, W.CN., Jr., Malencik, D.A, Anderson, S.R, Schimerlik, M.I, Shalitin, Y. Conformational transistions of calmodulin as studied by vacuum-UV CD (1987) Biopolymers 26, 561-571.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Herzberg, O., James, M. Refined crystal structure of troponin C from turkey skeletal muscle at 2.o angstroms resolution (1988) J Mol Biol 203, 761-779.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Herzberg, O., Moult, J., James, M.NG. A model for the Ca(2+)-induced conformational transition of troponin C (1986) J Biol Chem 261, 2638-2644.
Summary: The original paper on what became known as the HMJ model of TnC/CaM structure and function..
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Hidaka, H., Asano, M., Tanaka, T. Activity-structure relationship of calmodulin antagonists: napthalene derivatives (1981) Mol Pharmacol 20, 571-578.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Hinrichsen, R.D Calcium and calmodulin in the control of cellular behavior and motility (1993) Biochim Biophys Acta 1155, 277-293.
Summary: good review of biological functions of calmodulin.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Houdusse, A., Silver, M., Cohen, C. A model of Ca(2+)-free calmodulin binding to unconventional myosins reveals how calmodulin acts as a regulatory switch (1996) Structure 4, 1475-1490.
Summary: Describes a model of calmodulin bound to unconventional myosin based on the structure of scallop myosin regulatory domain. The C-terminal domain of calmodulin is modeled in the semi-open conformation. This model is used to propose which residues in the IQ motif are essential for binding to a CaBP domain in the semi-open conformation.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Huque, M.E, Vogel, H.J Carbon-13 NMR studies of the lysine side chains of calmodulin and its proteolytic fragments (1993) J Prot Chem 12, 695-707.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Iida, S., Potter, J.D Calcium binding to calmodulin. Cooperativity of the calcium-binding sites (1986) J Biochem 99, 1765-1772.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Ikura, M., Clore, G.M, Gronenborn, A.M, Zhu, G., Klee, C.B, Bax, A. Solution structure of a calmodulin-target peptide complex by multidimensional NMR (1992) Science 256, 632-638.
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Ikura, M., Kay, L.E, Bax, A. A novel approach for sequential assignment of 1H,13C and 15N spectra of larger proteins: Heteronuclear triple-resonance three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Application to calmodulin (1990) Biochemistry 29, 4659-466.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Ikura, M., Spera, S., Barbato, G., Kay, L.E, Krinks, M., Bax, A. Secondary structure and side-chain 1H and 13C resonance assignments of calmodulin in solution by heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy (1991) Biochemistry 30, 9216-9228.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Jackson, A.E, Puett, D. Binding of trifluoperazine and fluorene-containing compounds to calmodulin and adducts (1986) Biochem Pharmacol 35, 4395-4400.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Joyal, J.L, Annan, R.A, Ho, Y.D, Huddleston, M.E, Carr, S.A, Hart, M.J, Sacks, D.B Calmodulin modulates the interaction between IQGAP1 and Cdc42:Identification of IQGAP1 by nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectroscopy (1997) J Biol Chem 272, 15419-15425.
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Joyal, J.L, Burks, D.J, Pons, S., Matter, W.F, Vlahos, C.J, White, M.F, Sacks, D.B Calmodulin activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (1997) J Biol Chem 272, 28183-28186.
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Kataoka, M., Head, J.F, Seaton, B.A, Engelman, D.M Melittin binding causes a large calcium-dependent conformational change in calmodulin (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86, 6944-6948.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Kilhoffer, M.-C., Kubina, M., Travers, F., Haiech, J. Use of engineered proteins with internal tryptophan reporter groups and perturbation techniques to probe the mechanism of ligan-protein interactions: investigation of the mechanism of calcium-binding to calmodulin (1992) Biochemistry 31, 8098-8106.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Kuboniwa, H., Tjandra, N., Grzesiek, S., Ren, H., Klee, C.B, Bax, A. Solution structure of calcium-free calmodulin (1995) Nat Struct Biol 2, 768-776.
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LaPorte, D.C, Wierman, B.M, Storm, D.R Calcium-induced exposure of a hydrophobic surface on calmodulin (1980) Biochemistry 19, 3814-3819.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Lee, S.-J., Stull, J.T Calmodulin-dependent regulation of inducible and neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 27430-27437.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Lee, Y.C, J Wolff, J. . Two opposing effects of calmodulin on microtubule assembly depend on the presence of microtubule-associated proteins (1982) J Biol Chem 259, 1226-1230.
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Levin, R.M, Weiss, B. Specificity of the binding of trifluoperazine to the calcium-dependent activator of phosphodiesterase and to a series of other calcium-binding proteins (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 540, 197-204.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Linse, S., Helmersson, A., Forsen, S. Calcium binding to calmodulin and its globular domains (1991) J Biol Chem 266, 8050-8054.
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Liu, Y., Storm, D.R Regulation of free calmodulin levels by neuromodulin: neuron growth and regeneration (1990) Trends Pharmacol Sci 11, 107-111.
Summary: Discussion focuses on the biochemical properties and tissue-specificity of neuromodulin. The interaction of neuromodulin with CaM is also discussed, and a biochemical model is proposed to explain the significance of this interaction..
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Lowenstein, C.J, Snyder, S.H Nitric oxide, a novel biologic messenger (1992) Cell 70, 705-707.
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Lukas, T.J, Burgess, W.H, Prendergast, F.G, Lau, W., Watterson, D.M Calmodulin binding domains: characterization of a phosphorylation and calmodulin binding site from myosin light chain kinase (1986) Biochemistry 25, 1458-1464.
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Lukas, T.J, Collinge, M., Haiech, J., Watterson, D.M Gain of function mutations for yeast calmodulin and calcium dependent regulation of protein kinase activity (1994) Biochim Biophys Acta 1223, 341-347.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Malencik, D.A, Anderson, S.R Binding of hormones and neuropeptides by calmodulin (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1995-2001.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Martin, S.R, Bayley, P.M The effects of Ca(2+) and Cd(2+) on the secondary and tertiary structure of bovine testis calmodulin (1986) Biochem J 238, 485-490.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Martin, S.R, Bayley, P.M, Brown, S.E, Porumb, T., Zhang, M., Ikura, M. Spectoscopic characterization of a high-affinity calmodulin-target peptide hybrid molecule (1996) Biochemistry 35, 3508-3517.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Massom, L., Lee, H., Jarrett, H.W Trifluoperazine binding to porcine brain calmodulin and skeletal muscle troponin C (1990) Biochemistry 29, 671-681.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Massom, L.R, Lukas, T.J, Persechini, A., Kretsinger, R.H, Watterson, D.M, Jarrett, H.W Trifluoperazine binding to mutant calmodulins (1991) Biochemistry 30, 663-667.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Matsushima, N., Izumi, Y., Matsuo, T., Yoshino, H., Ueki, T., Miyake, Y. Binding of Ca(2+) and mastoparan to calmodulin induces a large change in the tertiary structure (1989) J Biochem 105, 883-887.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Matsuura, I., Kimura, E., Tai, K., Yazawa, M. Mutagenesis of the fourth calcium-binding domain of yeast calmodulin (1993) J Biol Chem 268, 13267-13273.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Maune, J.F, Klee, C.B, Beckingham, K. Ca2+-binding and conformational change in two series of point mutations to the individual Ca2+-binding sites of calmodulin (1992) J Biol Chem 267, 5286-5295.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Meador, W.E, Means, A.R, Quiocho, F. Modulation of calmodulin plasticity in molecular recognition on the basis of x-ray structures (1993) Science 262, 1718-1721.
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Meador, W.E, Means, A.R, Quiocho, F.A Target enzyme recognition by calmodulin: 2.4 angstrom structure of a calmodulin-peptide complex (1992) Science 257, 1251-1255.
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Means, A.R Calcium, calmodulin and cell cycle regulation (1994) FEBS Lett 347, 1-4.
Summary: A minireview summarizing the mechanisms by which calcium regulates the cell cycle. Focuses on biological aspects..
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Mercer, J.A, Seperack, P.K, Strobel, M.C, Copeland, N.G, Jenkins, N.A Novel myosin heavy chain encoded by murine dilute coat color locus (1991) Nature 349, 709-713.
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Meyer, D.F, Mabuchi, Y., Grabarek, Z. The role of Phe-92 in the Ca(2+)-induced conformational transition in the C-terminal domain of calmodulin (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 11284-11290.
Summary: Mutagensis-based study of the role of F92 in allowing the C-terminal domain to undergo the Ca2+-induced conformational change. .
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Milos, M., Schaer, J.-J., Comte, M., Cox, J.A Calcium-proton and calcium-magnesium antagonisms in calmodulin: microcalorimetric and potentiometric analyses (1986) Biochemistry 25, 6279-6287.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Montigiani, S., Neri, G., Neri, P., Neri, D. Alanine substitutions in calmodulin-binding peptides result in unexpected affinity enhancement (1996) J Mol Biol 258, 6-13.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Mukherjea, P. ., Maune, J.F, Beckingham, K. . Interlobe communication in multiple calcium-binding site mutants of Drosophila calmodulin (1996) Protein Sci 5, 468-477.
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Munshi, H.G, Burks, D.J, Joyal, J.L, White, M.F, Sacks, D.B Ca(2+) regulates calmodulin binding to IQ motifs in IRS-1 (1996) Biochemistry 35, 15883-15889.
Summary: Demonstrates an interaction between CaM and IRS proteins. These proteins couple the insulin receptor to SH2 domain-containing proteins. The interaction is stronger in the presence of Ca2+ , but still observable in its absence. The authors postulate the involvement of puatative IQ motifs in the interaction of the IRS proteins with CaM..
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Nakashima, K., Maekawa, H., Yazawa, M. Chimeras of yeast and chicken calmodulin demonstrate differences in activation mechanisms of target enzymes (1996) Biochemistry 35, 5602-5610.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Nelson, M.R, Chazin, W.J An interaction-based analysis of calcium-induced conformational changes in Ca2+ sensor proteins (1998) Protein Sci 7, 270-282.
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Nicotera, P., Bellomo, G., Orrenius, S. Calcium-mediated mechanisms in chemically induced cell death (1992) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 32, 449-4470.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Novack, J.P, Charbonneau, H., Bentley, J.K, Walsh, K.A, Beavo, J.A Sequence comparison of the 63-,61-, and 59-kDa calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (1991) Biochemistry 30, 7940-7947.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

O'Neil, K.T, DeGrado, W.F How calmodulin binds its targets: sequence independent recognition of amphiphilic alpha-helices (1990) Trends Biochem Sci 15, 59-64.
Summary: Review summarizing knowledge on how calmodulin recognizes such a wide range of targets. Includes a discussion of the possible role of methionine residues.
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O'Neil, K.T, Erickson-Viitanen, S., DeGrado, W.F Photolabeling of calmodulin with basic, amphiphilic alpha-helical peptides containing p-benzoylphenylalanine (1989) J Biol Chem 264, 14571-14578.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Ohki, S., Tsuda, S., Joko, S., Yazawa, M., Yagi, K., Hikichi, K. (1)H NMR study of amide proton exchange of calmodulin-mastoparan complex (1991) J Biochem 109, 234-237.
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Ohya, Y., Anraku, Y. A galactose-dependent cmd1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: involvement of calmodulin in nuclear division (1989) Curr Genet 15, 113-120.
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Ohya, Y., Botstein, D. Diverse essential functions revealed by complementing yeast calmodulin mutants (1994) Science 263, 963-966.
Summary: All phenylalanines in yeast calmodulin were mutated, singly and in multiples, and mutants were classified into complementation groups. Four such groups were identified..
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Ohya, Y., Botstein, D. Structure-based systematic isolation of conditional-lethal mutations in the single yeast calmodulin gene (1994) Genetics 138, 1041-154.
Summary: A very interesting paper detailing the effects of several single and multiple Phe to Ala calmodulin mutants on yeast viability.
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Okano, H., Cyert, M.S, Ohya, Y. Importance of phenylalanine residues of yeast calmodulin for target binding and activation (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 26375-26382.
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Payne, M.E, Fong, Y.-L., Ono, T., Colbran, R.J, Kemp, B.E, Soderling, T.R, Means, A.R Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: characterization of distinct calmodulin binding and inhibitory domains (1988) J Biol Chem 263, 7190-7195.
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Peersen, O.B, Madsen, T.S, Falke, J.J Intermolecular tuning of calmodulin by target peptides and proteins: Differential effects on ca2+ binding and implications for kinase activation (1997) Protein Sci 6, 794-807.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Persechini, A., Gansz, K.J, Paresi, R.J A role in enzyme activation for the N-terminal leader sequence in calmodulin (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 19279-19282.
Summary: This paper demonstrates that the n-terminal leader sequence before the first helix of CaM is absolutely required to activate skMLCK. Further mutagenesis studies showed that the tripeptide EEQ (residues 6-8) is responsible for this behavior.
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Persechini, A., Gansz, K.J, Paresi, R.J Activation of myosin light chain kinase and nitric oxide synthase activities by engineered calmodulins with duplicated or exchanged EF hand pairs (1996) Biochemistry 35, 224-228.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Persechini, A., Kretsinger, R.H The central helix of calmodulin functions as a flexible tether (1988) J Biol Chem 263, 12175-12178.
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Persechini, A., McMillan, K., Leakey, P. Activation of myosin light chain kinase and nitric oxide synthase activities by calmodulin fragments (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 16148-16514.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Persechini, A., Stemmer, P.M, Ohashi, I. Localization of unique functional determinants in the calmodulin lobes to individual EF hands (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 32217-32225.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Precheur, B., Munier, H., Mispelter, J., Barzu, O., Craescu, C. (1)H and (15)N characterization of free and bound states if an amphiphilic peptide interacting with calmodulin (1992) Biochemistry 31, 229-236.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Putkey, J.A, Ono, T., VanBerkum, M.FA., Means, A.R Functional significance of the central helix in calmodulin (1988) J Biol Chem 263, 11242-11249.
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Raghunathan, S., Chandross, R.J, Cheng, B.-P., Persechini, A., Sobottka, S.E, Kretsinger, R.H The linker of des-Glu(84)-calmodulin is bent (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 6869-6873.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Rao, S.T, Wu, S., Satyshur, K.A, Ling, K.Y, Kung, C., Sundaralingam, M. Structure of Paramecium tetraurella calmodulin at 1.8 angstrom resolution (1993) Protein Sci 2, 436-447.
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Ren, K., Ruda, M.A A comparative study of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D28k, calretinin, calmodulin and parvalbumin in the rat spinal cord (1994) Brain Res Rev 19, 163-179.
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Roberts, D.M, Harmon, A.C Calcium-modulated proteins: targets of intracellular calcium signals in higher plants (1992) Annu Rev Plant Mol Biol 43, 375-414.
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Rogers, M.S, Strehler, E.E "Calmodulin" in Guidebook to the Calcium-Binding Proteins, M.R.Celio, T.Pauls, B.Schwaller, eds. (1996) Oxford University Press, Oxford. 34-40.
Summary: A brief chapter summarizing the basic characteristics and properties of calmodulin.
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Sacks, D.B, Mazus, B., Joyal, J.L The activity of calmodulin is altered by phosphorylation: modulation of calmodulin function by the site of phosphate incorporation. (1995) Biochem J 312, 197-204.
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Sacks, D.B, McDonald, J.M Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of calmodulin by rat liver insulin receptor preparations (1988) J Biol Chem 263, 2377-2383.
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Sekharudu, Y.C, Sundaralingam, M. A structure-function relationship for the calcium affinities of regulatory proteins containing 'EF-hand' pairs (1988) Protein Eng 2, 139-146.
Summary: The authors performed QSAR analysis on calmodulin, troponin C, and parvalbumin, and used this to infer the effect of ligands and hydrophobicity of other residues on calcium affinity.
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Sellers, P., Laynez, J., Thulin, E., Forsen, S. Thermodynamics of Ca(2+) binding to calmodulin and its tryptic fragments (1991) Biophys J 39, 199-204.
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Sjolin, L., Svensson, L.A, Prince, E., Sundrell, S. Phase improvement in the structure interpretation of fragment Tr2C from bull testis calmodulin using combined entropy maximization and solvent flattening (1990) Acta Crystall B 46, 209-215.
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Small, E.W, Anderson, S.R Fluorescence anisotropy decay demonstrates calcium-dependent shape changes in photo-cross-linked calmodulin (1988) Biochemistry 27, 419-428.
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Sobue, K., Muramoto, Y., Fujita, M., Kakiuchi, S. Purification of a calmodulin-binding protein from chicken gizzard that interacts with F-actin (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78, 5652-5653.
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Sonnemann, J. ., Drugeon, G. ., Haenni, A.-, Mutzel, R. . Elongation in a Dictyostelium in vitro translation system is affected by calmodulin antagonists (1993) FEBS Lett 329, 183-188.
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Sorensen, B.R, Shea, M.A Interactions between domains of apo calmodulin alter calcium binding and stability (1998) Biochemistry 37, 4244-4253.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Spera, S.I, Mitsuhiko, I., Bax, A. Measurement of the exchange rates of rapidly exchanging amide protons: Application to the study of calmodulin and its complex with a myosin light chain kinase fragment (1991) J Biomol NMR 1, 155-165.
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Starovasnik, M.A, Su, D.-R., Beckingham, K., Klevit, R.E A series of point mutations reveal interactions between calcium-binding sites of calmodulin (1992) Protein Sci 1, 245-253.
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Steiner, J.P, Walke, H.TN., Jr., Bennet, V. Calcium/calmodulin inhibits direct binding of spectrin to synaptosomal membranes (1989) J Biol Chem 264, 2783-2791.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Stromqvist, M., Berglund, A., Shanbhag, V.P, Backman, L. Influence of calmodulin on the human red cell membrane skeleton (1988) Biochemistry 27, 1104-1110.
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Su, Z. ., Fan, D. ., George, S.E Role of domain 3 of calmodulin in activation of calmodulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase and smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 16761-16765.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Sutoo, D., Akiyama, K., Fujii, N., Matsushita, K. (1)H-NMR studies of calmodulin: the effect of W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalenesulfonamide) and Ca(2+) on conformational changes of calmodulin (1986) Biochim Biophys Acta 873, 156-160.
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Swanljung-Collins, H., Collins, J.H Ca(2+) stimulates the Mg(2+)-ATPase activity of brush border myosin I with three or four calmodulin light chains but inhibits with less than two bound (1991) J Biol Chem 266, 1312-1319.
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Swindells, M.B, Ikura, M. Pre-formation of the semi-open conformation by the apo-calmodulin C-terminal domain and implications for binding IQ motifs (1996) Nat Struct Biol 3, 501-504.
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Tabernero, L., Taylor, D.A, Chandross, R.J, VanBerkum, M.FA., Means, A.R, Quiocho, F.A, Sack, J.S The structure of a calmodulin mutant with a deletion in the central helix: implications for molecular recognition and protein binding (1997) Structure 5, 613-622.
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Tallant, E.A, Cheung, W.Y Characterization of bovine brain calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (1984) Arch Biochem Biophys 232, 269-279.
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Tan, R.-Y., Mabuchi, Y., Grabarek, Z. Blocking the Ca2+-induced conformational transitions in calmodulin with disulfide bonds (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 7479-7483.
Summary: This paper described two calmodulin mutants. One domain is łlocked˛ close by a disulfide bond in each mutant. The mutant with the C-terminal domain locked has decreased Ca2+ affinity in the C-terminal sites, as followed by intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence. Neither mutant is able activate phosphodiesterase or calcineurin..
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Tanaka, T., Hidaka, H. Hydrophobic regions function in calmodulin-enzyme(s) interactions (1980) J Biol Chem 255, 11078-11080.
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Taylor, D.A, Sack, J.S, Maune, J.F, Beckingham, K., Quiocho, F.A Structure of a recombinant calmodulin from Drosophila melanogaster refined at 2.2-angstrom resolution (1991) J Biol Chem 266, 21375-21380.
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Thulin, E., Andersson, A., Drakenberg, T., Forsen, S., Vogel, H.J Metal ion and drug binding to proteolytic fragments of calmodulin: proteolytic, cadmium-113, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies (1984) Biochemistry 23, 1862-1870.
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Tjandra, N., Kuboniwa, H., Ren, H., Bax, A. Rotational dynamics of calcium-free calmodulin studied by 15N-NMR relaxation measurements (1995) Eur J Biochem 230, 1014-1024.
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Torok, K., Trentham, D.R Mechanism of 2-chloro-(e-amino-lys(75))-[6-[4-(N,N-diethylamino)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazin-4-y1]calmodulin interactions with smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase and derived peptides (1994) Biochemistry 33, 12807-12820.
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Tsai, M.-D., Drakenberg, T., Thulin, E., Forsen, S. Is the binding of magnesium(II) to calmodulin significant? An investigation by magnesium-25 nuclear magnetic resonance (1987) Biochemistry 26, 3635-3543.
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Urbauer, J.L, Short, J.H, Dow, L.K, Wand, A.J Structural analysis of a novel interaction by calmodulin: high-affinity binding of a peptide in the absence of calcium (1995) Biochemistry 34, 8099-8109.
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Van Eldik, L. Watterson, D.M. eds. Calmodulin and Signal Transduction (1998) Academic Press, San Diego.
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VanBerkum, M.FV., George, S.E, Means, A.R Calmodulin activation of target enzymes: consequences of deletions in the central helix (1990) J Biol Chem 265, 3750-3756.
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Vandonselaar, M., Hickie, R.A, Quail, J.W, Delbaere, L.TJ. Trifluoperazine-induced conformational change in Ca(2+)-calmodulin (1994) Nat Struct Biol 1, 795-801.
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Vertessy, B.G, Bocskei, Z., Harmath, V., Naray-Szabo, G., Ovadi, J. Crystallization and preliminary diffraction analysis of Ca2+-calmodulin-drug and apocalmodulin-drug complexes (1997) Proteins 28, 131-134.
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Vogel, H.J, Lindahl, L., Thulin, E. Calcium-dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography of calmodulin, troponin C and their proteolytic fragments (1983) FEBS Lett 157, 241-246.
No information from this reference is currently stored in the database

Vogel, H.J, Zhang, M. Protein engineering and NMR studies of calmodulin (1995) Mol Cell Biochem 149/150, 3-15.
Summary: Review focusing on interaction of calcium-loaded calmodulin with its target peptides. Attention is called to possible roles of the flexible central helix and the methionine rich hydrophobic core in allowing calmodulin to bind to many different targets. .
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Vorherr, T., Knopfel, L., Hofmann, F., Mollner, S., Pfeuffer, T., Carofoli, E. The calmodulin binding domain of nitric oxide synthase and adenylyl cyclase (1993) Biochemistry 32, 6081-6088.
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Wall, M.E, Clarage, J.B, Phillips, G.NN., Jr. Motions of calmodulin characterized using both Bragg and diffuse X-ray scattering (1997) Structure 5, 1599-1612.
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Walsh, M., Stevens, F.C Chemical modification studies on the Ca(2+)-dependent protein modulator: The role of methionine residues in the activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (1978) Biochemistry 17, 3924-3930.
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Walsh, M., Stevens, F.C, Oikawa, K., Kay, C.M Circular dichroism studies of native and chemically modified Ca(2+)-dependent protein modulator (1979) Can J Biochem 57, 267-278.
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Weinstein, H., Mehler, E.L Ca2+-binding and structural dynamics in the functions of calmodulin (1994) Annu Rev Physiol 56, 213-236.
Summary: Review of computational work on the flexibility of calmodulin, its compaction in solution relative to the crystal structure, and its binding to target peptides.
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Wintrode, P.L, Privalov, P.L Energetics of target peptide recognition by calmodulin: a calorimetric study (1997) J Mol Biol 266, 1050-1062.
Summary: The thermodynamic properties of ca2+-loaded calmodulin binding to a target peptide derived from smMLCK were measured. The binding process was found to be driven by enthalpy..
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Wu, X., Reid, R.E Structure/calcium affinity relationships of site III of calmodulin: Testing the acid pair hypothesis using calmodulin mutants (1997) Biochemistry 36, 8649-8656.
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Yagi, K., Yazawa, M., Minowa, O., Toda, H., Ikura, M., Hikichi, K. Significance of domain structure of calmodulin on the activation of Ca2+-Calmodulin-Regulated Enzymes (1988) Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res 21, 189-192.
Summary: Proposes that binding of CaM to target peptide switches the two CaM domains to a correlated mode. Ca2+ binding to the N-terminal domain (which only occurs after the C-temrinal domain has been saturated) causes a further conformational change in the C-temrinal domain,a s probed by proton chemical shifts..
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Yoshino, H., Minari, O., Matsushima, N., Ueki, T., Miyake, Y., Matsuo, T., Izumi, Y. Calcium-induced shape change of calmodulin with mastoparan studied by solution X-ray scattering (1989) J Biol Chem 264, 19706-19709.
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Yoshino, H., Wakita, M., Izumi, Y. Calcium-dependent changes in structure of calmodulin with substance P (1993) J Biol Chem 268, 12123-12128.
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Yuan, T. ., Walsh, M.P, Sutherland, C. ., Fabian, H. ., Vogel, H.J Calcium-dependent and -independent interactions of the calmodulin-binding domain of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with calmodulin (1999) Biochemistry 38, 1446-1455.
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Zhang, M., Li, M., Wang, J.H, Vogel, H.J The effect of met --> leu mutations on calmodulinšs ability to activate cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 15546-1552.
Summary: Reports the activity of a series of met to leu mutants of calmodulin, using PDE activation as an assay. Also presents some NMR data indicating that the calcium-loaded structures of the mutants are similar to wildtype..
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Zhang, M., Tanaka, T., Ikura, M. Calcium-induced conformational transition evealed by the solution structure of apo calmodulin (1995) Nat Struct Biol 2, 758-767.
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Zhang, M., Vogel, H.J Determination of the side chain pKa values of lysine residues in calmodulin (1993) J Biol Chem 268, 22420-22428.
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Zhang, M., Vogel, H.J Two-dimensional NMR studies of selenomethionyl calmodulin (1994) J Mol Biol 239, 545-554.
Summary: Reports on chemical shift changes of selenium in selenomethionyl calmodulin upon calcium binding and also upon binding of a target peptide..
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Zhang, M., Yuan, T., Aramin, J.M, Vogel, H.J Interaction of calmodulin with its binding domain of rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase (1995) J Biol Chem 270, 20901-20907.
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Zhou, N., Yuan, T., Mak, A.S, Vogel, H.J NMR studies of caldesmon-calmodulin interaction (1997) Biochemistry 36, 2817-2825.
Summary: Reports NMR and CD studies on the binding of calmodulin to four peptides derived from the putative calmodulin-binding sites of caldesmon.
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